{"id":6081,"date":"2016-10-19T12:33:56","date_gmt":"2016-10-19T10:33:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/?p=6081"},"modified":"2016-10-16T00:43:46","modified_gmt":"2016-10-15T22:43:46","slug":"cartagena-kolonialni-perla-kolumbijskeho-karibiku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/2016\/10\/cartagena-kolonialni-perla-kolumbijskeho-karibiku\/","title":{"rendered":"Cartagena \u2013 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed perla kolumbijsk\u00e9ho Karibiku"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"cartagena1\"Stoprocentn\u011b koncentrovan\u00e1 hisp\u00e1nsk\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra, na obzoru na mo\u0159i houpaj\u00edc\u00ed se lod\u011b s pir\u00e1tsk\u00fdmi vlajkami. Z putyky v p\u0159\u00edstavu se oz\u00fdv\u00e1 ryk n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f, malebnou stinnou uli\u010dkou pomalu proch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u016f\u0148 vezouc\u00ed u\u0161lechtil\u00e9ho ryt\u00ed\u0159e. Tak vypadala kolumbijsk\u00e1 Cartagena za dob d\u00e1vno minul\u00fdch, kdy zde ur\u010dovali chod \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9. Dnes se nezdr\u00e1h\u00e1me ji ozna\u010dit za koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed perlu karibsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky.<\/p>\n

Cartagena (cel\u00fd n\u00e1zev zn\u00ed Cartagena de Indias) je hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto oblasti Bol\u00edvar v severn\u00ed Kolumbii. Le\u017e\u00ed na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Karibsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, \u017eije v n\u00ed p\u0159es mili\u00f3n lid\u00ed a zdej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy pramen\u00ed z pr\u016fmyslu a d\u00edky kr\u00e1se m\u011bsta i z turismu.\u00a0M\u011bsto nenese stejn\u00fd n\u00e1zev jako \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 Cartagena n\u00e1hodou, z\u00edskalo ho pr\u00e1v\u011b po n\u00ed. K jeho zalo\u017een\u00ed do\u0161lo v roce 1533 a svou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sl\u00e1vu pro\u017e\u00edvalo za doby trv\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, kdy bylo jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f t\u011bch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Ameriky, kter\u00e9 \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dali.<\/p>\n

Poloha Cartageny u mo\u0159e byla sice v\u00fdhodn\u00e1, ale na druhou stranu se kv\u016fli n\u00ed bohat\u00e9 m\u011bsto \u010dasto st\u00e1valo c\u00edlem ziskuchtiv\u00fdch pir\u00e1t\u016f.\u00a0Jednoho dne roku 1586 sem dokonce p\u0159iplul ob\u00e1van\u00fd sir Francis Drake, m\u011bsto vyplenil a jeho obyvatele nevyb\u00edrav\u011b povra\u017edil.<\/p>\n

\"cartagena4\"Odpov\u011bd\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dy bylo obehn\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsta hradbami jen s n\u011bkolika branami a d\u00e1le vytvo\u0159en\u00ed hr\u00e1ze mezi poloostrovem Bocagrande a ostrovem Tierrabomba, \u010d\u00edm\u017e do\u0161lo k uzav\u0159en\u00ed do t\u00e9 doby voln\u00e9ho vstupu z mo\u0159e p\u0159\u00edmo do m\u011bsta.\u00a0Pomyslnou t\u0159e\u0161ni\u010dkou na dortu, j\u00edm\u017e bylo pr\u00e1v\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed, se stal hrad San Felipe de Bajaras.<\/p>\n

Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 snaha se vyplatila, m\u011bsto se pot\u00e9 ubr\u00e1nilo n\u011bkolika nep\u011bkn\u00fdm n\u00e1jezd\u016fm z mo\u0159e a sv\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed si p\u011bkn\u011b hl\u00eddalo. T\u00edm vzrostla \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 jeho obyvatel a za\u010dal tu r\u016fst jeden d\u016fm vedle druh\u00e9ho, hotov\u00e9 pal\u00e1ce a s\u00eddla, sv\u00e9 ok\u00e1zale zdoben\u00e9 kostely a kl\u00e1\u0161tery si tu stav\u011bly i nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dy. Dnes jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b zbytky opevn\u011bn\u00ed, jeden z nejrozlehlej\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f opevn\u011bn\u00ed v Karibiku a Latinsk\u00e9 Americe, a koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed budovy\u00a0m\u011bsta hlavn\u00edm l\u00e1kadlem pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed i zahrani\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky.\u00a0V roce 1994 si historick\u00e9 j\u00e1dro Cartageny vyslou\u017eilo z\u00e1pis na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO.<\/p>\n

Pevnost San Felipe de Bajaras z\u00edskala n\u00e1zev po \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9m kr\u00e1li Filipu IV. a tak\u00e9 se py\u0161n\u00ed titulem nejmohutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pevnosti, kterou kdy \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 na \u00fazem\u00ed sv\u00fdch koloni\u00ed postavili. Pevnost za\u010dala vznikat asi dva roky po zalo\u017een\u00ed m\u011bsta a po sto dvaceti letech bylo nak\u00e1z\u00e1no jej\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Autenticitu zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed d\u011bla, prostory v\u011bznice nebo tunely.<\/p>\n

\"cartagena3\"Ve \u010dtvrti San Pedro, kde v dob\u00e1ch kolonialismu \u017eili p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u0161lechtici a hodnost\u00e1\u0159i, se dochovala spousta n\u00e1dhern\u00fdch staveb, nap\u0159\u00edklad katedr\u00e1la, kostel a kl\u00e1\u0161ter San Pedro Claver, Pal\u00e1c inkvizice, kde se rozhodovalo o osudech \u010darod\u011bjnic a kac\u00ed\u0159\u016f, nebo t\u0159eba kostel Santo Domingo.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 spat\u0159it d\u016fm a monument sv\u011btozn\u00e1m\u00e9ho spisovatele Gabriela Garc\u00edi M\u00e1rqueze, autora takov\u00fdch knih, jako je Sto rok\u016f samoty nebo L\u00e1ska za \u010das\u016f cholery. A nem\u00e9n\u011b kouzeln\u00e1 je proch\u00e1zka uli\u010dkami \u010dtvrti Getseman\u00ed\u00a0nebo jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bsta. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch uli\u010dk\u00e1ch budete m\u00edt co d\u011blat, abyste se ubr\u00e1nili propracovan\u00fdm taktik\u00e1m pouli\u010dn\u00edch prodejc\u016f v\u0161eho mo\u017en\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Cartagena m\u00e1 svou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed dominantu, kopec La Popa. Bez zaj\u00edmavosti nez\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ani v\u00edce ne\u017e 110 kilometr\u016f dlouh\u00fd kan\u00e1l Dique, jen\u017e je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed m\u011bsta a \u00fast\u00ed zde do mo\u0159e. Vznikl u\u017e v 17. stolet\u00ed a znamenal mo\u017enost lodn\u00ed dopravy od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed do vnitrozem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zaj\u00edmavost le\u017e\u00ed nedaleko. Asi 40 kilometr\u016f od Cartageny stoj\u00ed sopka El Totumo. Nechrl\u00ed l\u00e1vu, ned\u00fdm\u00e1. Skoro nic se tu ned\u011bje. A\u017e tedy na to, \u017ee se na tento pouh\u00fdch 15 metr\u016f vysok\u00fd vr\u0161ek chod\u00ed lid\u00e9 koupat.<\/p>\n

\"cartagena2\"Sopka je toti\u017e hlubok\u00e1 p\u0159es 2 000 metr\u016f a v jej\u00edm kr\u00e1teru je bahno, kter\u00e9 se st\u00e1le obm\u011b\u0148uje, je proto \u201e\u010dist\u00e9\u201c (tak \u010dist\u00e9, jak bahno m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt) a vyhled\u00e1van\u00e9, jeliko\u017e m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na lidskou k\u016f\u017ei. Obsahuje toti\u017e v\u00e1pn\u00edk, oxid k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd, chlorid sodn\u00fd, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk a dal\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1tky.\u00a0Sopka tu \u00fadajn\u011b vznikla v dob\u011b, kdy zdej\u0161\u00ed far\u00e1\u0159 zahnal do podzem\u00ed \u010f\u00e1bla d\u0161t\u00edc\u00edho ohe\u0148 a s\u00edru. Zlo i pekeln\u00e9 s\u00edly se pak p\u0159em\u011bnily v l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky bahna.<\/p>\n

U pokladny pod sopkou zaplat\u00edte n\u011bjak\u00e9 to vstupn\u00e9 a vystoup\u00e1te po d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch schodech nahoru. Kdy\u017e tak u\u010din\u00edte brzy r\u00e1no, v kr\u00e1teru oblo\u017een\u00e9m d\u0159evem je\u0161t\u011b nikdo nebude. Je docela mal\u00fd a moc lid\u00ed se sem nevejde.\u00a0V \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se nemus\u00edte b\u00e1t, \u017ee by v\u00e1s bahno pohltilo, naopak v\u00e1m bude kl\u00e1st odpor, a jakmile do n\u011bj vstoup\u00edte po p\u00e1s, budete m\u00edt kv\u016fli tomuto odporu docela co d\u011blat, abyste se pono\u0159ili hloub\u011bji. Pro n\u011bkoho v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt docela d\u011bsiv\u00fd pocit, \u017ee pod sebou m\u00e1 dvoukilometrovou d\u00edru s bahnem a nic jin\u00e9ho.\u00a0Po bahenn\u00ed koupeli je nutn\u00e9 sej\u00edt zase dol\u016f ze sopky, co\u017e je pon\u011bkud obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee bahno klou\u017ee jako m\u00fddlo. V z\u00e1toce se v\u00e1s ujmou domorodkyn\u011b a omyj\u00ed v\u00e1s.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: Novinky.cz<\/a> (Petra Mal\u00e1, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Cik\u00e1n).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stoprocentn\u011b koncentrovan\u00e1 hisp\u00e1nsk\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra, na obzoru na mo\u0159i houpaj\u00edc\u00ed se lod\u011b s pir\u00e1tsk\u00fdmi vlajkami. Z putyky v p\u0159\u00edstavu se oz\u00fdv\u00e1 ryk n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f, malebnou stinnou uli\u010dkou pomalu proch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u016f\u0148 vezouc\u00ed u\u0161lechtil\u00e9ho ryt\u00ed\u0159e. Tak vypadala kolumbijsk\u00e1 Cartagena za dob d\u00e1vno minul\u00fdch, kdy zde ur\u010dovali chod \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9. Dnes se nezdr\u00e1h\u00e1me ji ozna\u010dit za koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed perlu karibsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,15],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6081"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6081"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6099,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6081\/revisions\/6099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}