{"id":8539,"date":"2019-10-16T21:22:39","date_gmt":"2019-10-16T19:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/?p=8539"},"modified":"2019-10-07T01:44:03","modified_gmt":"2019-10-06T23:44:03","slug":"novy-cesky-slovnik-americke-spanelstiny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/2019\/10\/novy-cesky-slovnik-americke-spanelstiny\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd slovn\u00edk americk\u00e9 \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tiny"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Ned\u00e1vno vydal uzn\u00e1van\u00fd profesor Univerzity Palack\u00e9ho v Olomouci, pan Ji\u0159\u00ed \u010cern\u00fd, obrovsk\u00fd \u010desko-\u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd slovn\u00edk amerikanism\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se celkem o t\u0159i svazky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edc stran a zabraly autorovi cel\u00fdch dvacet let usilovn\u00e9 a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 exkluzivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 s\u00e1m lingvista \u010cern\u00fd, slovn\u00edk je v\u00fdsledkem vztah\u016f, kter\u00e9 vytvo\u0159il s dal\u0161\u00edmi profesory, kolegy a \u017e\u00e1ky p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech a to v dob\u011b, kdy tr\u00e1vit \u010das s lidmi z Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky nebylo v\u016fbec jednoduch\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed my\u0161lenka na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed slovn\u00edku prob\u011bhla \u010cern\u00e9mu hlavou u\u017e v dob\u011b jeho studi\u00ed \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tiny v 50. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, proto\u017ee jeho profesor byl p\u016fvodem Brazilec a tak mluvil brazilskou portugal\u0161tinou a americkou \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tinou. \u010cern\u00e9ho cel\u00e1 oblast Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky velmi zaujala, ale v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nev\u011b\u0159il tomu, \u017ee by mohl n\u011bkdy cestovat nebo nav\u00e1zat hlub\u0161\u00ed styky s cizinci z dan\u00e9ho regionu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b po studi\u00edch v roce 1959 za\u010dal pracovat jako profesor \u010de\u0161tiny v Mari\u00e1nsk\u00fdch L\u00e1zn\u00edch, kde vyu\u010doval pr\u00e1v\u011b kurz \u010de\u0161tiny pro cizince. Mezi \u017e\u00e1ky m\u011bl i Mexi\u010dana, Kub\u00e1nce, dva Bolivijce a t\u0159i Brazilce. O v\u00edce ne\u017e deset let pozd\u011bji m\u011bl nav\u00edc p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost odjet studovat nejd\u0159\u00edv do Portugalska a pot\u00e9 do \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho Madridu, kde bydlel v rezidenci spole\u010dn\u011b se skupinou Latinoameri\u010dan\u016f z Mexika, Kolumbie nebo Kuby.<\/p>\n

\"\"A n\u00e1sledn\u011b pak na konci 90. let za\u010dal \u010desk\u00fd lingvista p\u0159ipravovat slovn\u00edk a to ve t\u0159ech f\u00e1z\u00edch. Prvn\u00ed byla sp\u00ed\u0161 mechanick\u00e1, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 zabrala spoustu \u010dasu, proto\u017ee bylo pot\u0159eba shrom\u00e1\u017edit n\u011bkolik slovn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 by slou\u017eily jako odrazov\u00fd m\u016fstek. Mezi nimi byl nap\u0159\u00edklad slovn\u00edk mexick\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f, kolumbijsk\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f, slovn\u00edk v\u011bnovan\u00fd slangu \u010di form\u00e1m slov typick\u00fdm pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 latinskoamerick\u00e9 zem\u011b. Nakonec se studenty, kte\u0159\u00ed s n\u00edm spolupracovali na tomto projektu, dali dohromady celkem 34 r\u016fzn\u00fdch slovn\u00edk\u016f. V druh\u00e9 f\u00e1zi t\u00fdm p\u0159i\u0159adil ka\u017ed\u00e9mu slovu \u010desk\u00fd ekvivalent. T\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1ze pak byla v\u016fbec nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee bylo pot\u0159eba porovnat cel\u00fd materi\u00e1l a vysv\u011btlit r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy stejn\u00e9ho slova dle jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed. To byl p\u0159\u00edpad t\u0159eba slova chiva<\/em>, kter\u00e9 v Argentin\u011b m\u016f\u017ee znamenat vousy<\/em>, na Kub\u011b bicykl<\/em> a v Kolumbii specifick\u00fd typ autobusu.<\/p>\n

Proto mezi hlavn\u00edmi v\u00fdhodami nov\u00e9ho slovn\u00edku s\u00e1m jeho autor vid\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad fakt, \u017ee u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e1ci p\u0159ekladatel\u016fm, proto\u017ee nab\u00edz\u00ed klidn\u011b i patn\u00e1ct a\u017e dvacet mo\u017en\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch definic k jednotliv\u00fdm v\u00fdraz\u016fm. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u016f\u017ee slovn\u00edk dob\u0159e poslou\u017eit i \u010cech\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tinu moc neznaj\u00ed, proto\u017ee obsahuje spoustu u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch informac\u00ed o faun\u011b, fl\u00f3\u0159e, indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch, ale tak\u00e9 o zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota, astronomii \u010di mytologii kontinentu, tedy o v\u011bcech, kter\u00e9 je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 dohledat v jin\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\"\"Co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 vztahu profesora \u010cern\u00e9ho k Latinsk\u00e9 Americe, vyzdvihuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zaj\u00edmavou historii regionu, jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kr\u00e1sy a specifickou a p\u0159\u00e1telskou atmosf\u00e9ru, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e se \u010ce\u0161i, kte\u0159\u00ed do regionu cestuj\u00ed \u010di tam \u017eij\u00ed, mohou c\u00edtit jako doma. \u010cern\u00fd pak pova\u017euje za amerikanismy nejen v\u00fdrazy a fr\u00e1ze, kter\u00e9 nejsou zn\u00e1my ve \u0160pan\u011blsku, ale tak\u00e9 v\u0161echny v\u00fdrazy a fr\u00e1ze, kter\u00e9 vznikly p\u0159\u00edmo na americk\u00e9m kontinentu. I p\u0159esto, \u017ee \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina nen\u00ed nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u010di nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zahrani\u010dn\u00edm jazykem v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice (moment\u00e1n\u011b je to angli\u010dtina a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee by nebylo \u0161patn\u00e9 p\u0159ipravit se ani na \u010d\u00edn\u0161tinu), z\u00e1jem \u010cech\u016f o tento jazyk dlouhodob\u011b roste, narozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch jazyk\u016f jako je t\u0159eba francouz\u0161tina.<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno vydan\u00fd slovn\u00edk hned obdr\u017eel v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ocen\u011bn\u00ed, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b cenu roku 2019 za nejlep\u0161\u00ed slovn\u00edk vydan\u00fd v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice \u010di na Slovensku, kterou ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b ud\u011bluje Jednota tlumo\u010dn\u00edk\u016f a p\u0159ekladatel\u016f (JTP). S\u00e1m profesor \u010cern\u00fd nav\u00edc pr\u00e1v\u011b vydal i knihu sv\u00fdch vzpom\u00ednek s n\u00e1zvem Jak \u0161el \u017eivot<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Zdroj (upraveno z): Radio.cz\/es<\/a> (Juan Pablo Bertazza).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ned\u00e1vno vydal uzn\u00e1van\u00fd profesor Univerzity Palack\u00e9ho v Olomouci, pan Ji\u0159\u00ed \u010cern\u00fd, obrovsk\u00fd \u010desko-\u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd slovn\u00edk amerikanism\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se celkem o t\u0159i svazky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edc stran a zabraly autorovi cel\u00fdch dvacet let usilovn\u00e9 a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 exkluzivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 s\u00e1m lingvista \u010cern\u00fd, slovn\u00edk je v\u00fdsledkem vztah\u016f, kter\u00e9 vytvo\u0159il s dal\u0161\u00edmi profesory, kolegy a \u017e\u00e1ky…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,20,8],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8539"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8539"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8550,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8539\/revisions\/8550"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}