{"id":9414,"date":"2020-06-06T17:57:52","date_gmt":"2020-06-06T15:57:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/?p=9414"},"modified":"2020-07-02T13:44:30","modified_gmt":"2020-07-02T11:44:30","slug":"uplynulo-100-let-od-narozeni-malire-alejandra-obregona","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/2020\/06\/uplynulo-100-let-od-narozeni-malire-alejandra-obregona\/","title":{"rendered":"Uplynulo 100 let od narozen\u00ed mal\u00ed\u0159e Alejandra Obreg\u00f3na"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Um\u011bleck\u00fd sv\u011bt si 4. \u010dervna<\/strong> p\u0159ipomn\u011bl v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed 100 let od narozen\u00ed slavn\u00e9ho kolumbijsko-\u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho mal\u00ed\u0159e, muralisty, socha\u0159e a rytce Alejandra Obreg\u00f3na. Byl jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed 20. stolet\u00ed v Kolumbii. V dob\u011b trvaj\u00edc\u00edch omezen\u00ed kv\u016fli koronavirov\u00e9 krizi oslavuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 kolumbijsk\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed instituce toto jubileum aspo\u0148 virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzpom\u00ednkov\u00fdmi aktivitami.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u00e1rodn\u00ed banka spole\u010dn\u011b s Muzeem modern\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bsta Barranquilla po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 s\u00e9rii konferenc\u00ed o \u017eivot\u011b a d\u00edle tohoto um\u011blce. Ta prvn\u00ed s n\u00e1zvem Alejandro Obreg\u00f3n a um\u011bleck\u00e1 moderna kolumbijsk\u00e9ho Karibiku<\/em> prob\u011bhla hned 4. \u010dervna pod veden\u00edm profesorky historie um\u011bn\u00ed na univerzit\u011b Universidad del Atl\u00e1ntico, Isabel Cristiny Ram\u00edrez. Ve sv\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ce se histori\u010dka zam\u011b\u0159ila na vyobrazen\u00ed krajiny v d\u00edlech Obreg\u00f3na a jeho modern\u00ed styl, kter\u00fd je jin\u00fd a \u010dasto zcela opa\u010dn\u00fd, ne\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvaly avantgardn\u00ed sm\u011bry v Evrop\u011b na po\u010d\u00e1tku minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed konference se pak budou postupn\u011b v\u011bnovat tak\u00e9 Obreg\u00f3novi a kolumbijsk\u00e9mu kontextu, n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdm malb\u00e1m um\u011blce ve m\u011bst\u011b Barranquilla \u010di dek\u00e1d\u011b 70. let a p\u0159echodu Obreg\u00f3na od olejomalby k akrylov\u00e9 tvorb\u011b. Odborn\u00edci pohovo\u0159\u00ed d\u00e1le i o t\u00e9matech krajiny, fl\u00f3ry a fauny, nebo t\u0159eba n\u00e1sil\u00ed v um\u011blcov\u00fdch obrazech.<\/p>\n

Alejandro Obreg\u00f3n se narodil v roce 1920 ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 Barcelon\u011b. Jeho otec byl Kolumbijec, matka poch\u00e1zela z Katal\u00e1nska a rodina Obregonov\u00fdch vlastnila textiln\u00ed tov\u00e1rnu v kolumbijsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Barranquilla. V\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00e9ho d\u011btstv\u00ed tak Alejandro str\u00e1vil pr\u00e1v\u011b tam, ale cestoval a \u017eil tak\u00e9 ve \u0160pan\u011blsku, v Brit\u00e1nii, Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech i Francii.\u00a0I p\u0159esto, \u017ee studoval v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch, jeho kreativn\u00edm sv\u011btem byl v\u017edy Karibik a obecn\u011b Kolumbie. Ne\u017e se za\u010dal v\u011bnovat um\u011bn\u00ed, tak stihl vyst\u0159\u00eddat \u0159adu rozli\u010dn\u00fdch povol\u00e1n\u00ed a aktivit. Hr\u00e1l nap\u0159\u00edklad rugby, pracoval v diplomatick\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, dokonce si zahr\u00e1l britsk\u00e9ho gener\u00e1la v jednom filmu. Tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddil kamiony ropn\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed v oblasti kolumbijsk\u00e9ho Catatumba (kraj Severn\u00ed Santander) pobl\u00ed\u017e hranic s Venezuelou.<\/p>\n

\"\"Pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kamionu po p\u0159\u00edkr\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch tam\u011bj\u0161\u00edho regionu na\u0161el sv\u00e9 posl\u00e1n\u00ed a rozhodl se studovat malbu. Jako mal\u00ed\u0159 byl nejd\u0159\u00edve objeven ve \u0160pan\u011blsku v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 40. let 20. stolet\u00ed, kde p\u0159edstavil n\u011bkolik portr\u00e9t\u016f. Kolumbijsk\u00fd um\u011bleck\u00fd sv\u011bt ho m\u011bl mo\u017enost poznat d\u00edky jeho \u00fa\u010dasti na V. N\u00e1rodn\u00edm sal\u00f3nu kolumbijsk\u00fdch um\u011blc\u016f v roce 1944. Jeho olejov\u00e9 malby jako Z\u00e1ti\u0161\u00ed<\/em> nebo Chlapec se d\u017eb\u00e1nem<\/em> z\u00edskaly velmi pozitivn\u00ed ohlasy m\u00edstn\u00ed kritiky, kter\u00e1 jeho pr\u00e1ci ozna\u010dila za romantick\u00fd expresionismus.<\/p>\n

V roce 1954 poznal anglickou mal\u00ed\u0159ku Fredu Sargent, se kterou se v Panam\u011b o\u017eenil. V roce 1958 pak odcestoval do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, kde za\u010dal m\u00edt kontakt s abstraktn\u00edm expresionismem. Pozd\u011bji se stal nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0159editelem Muzea modern\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed v Bogot\u011b, ale nakonec se vr\u00e1til na kolumbijsk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Karibiku. Zem\u0159el ve v\u011bku 71 let dne 11. dubna 1992 v severokolumbijsk\u00e9 Kartagen\u011b. Poh\u0159ben byl v rodinn\u00e9 hrobce na centr\u00e1ln\u00edm h\u0159bitov\u011b m\u011bsta Barranquilla.<\/p>\n

Obreg\u00f3n byl aktivn\u00edm \u010dlenem zn\u00e1m\u00e9 Skupiny Barranquilla<\/em>, kterou vytvo\u0159il spole\u010dn\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad s liter\u00e1tem Gabrielem Garc\u00edou M\u00e1rquezem a novin\u00e1\u0159em \u00c1lvarem Cepedou Samudio. Tato skupina mlad\u00fdch um\u011blc\u016f podpo\u0159ila vznik \u0159ady instituc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou dodnes nosnou p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00e9ho sv\u011bta v zemi, jako jsou muzea um\u011bn\u00ed, nov\u00e9 osnovy na um\u011bleck\u00fdch fakult\u00e1ch apod. Pr\u00e1v\u011b Obreg\u00f3n st\u00e1l v \u010dele proudu modernist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se stav\u011bli proti tradi\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstup\u016fm zalo\u017een\u00fdm na realismu dan\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed. Tito um\u011blci se distancovali od imitace klasick\u00e9ho evropsk\u00e9ho stylu a vytvo\u0159ili nov\u00fd jazyk, kter\u00fd postupn\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1val prostor v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1rodn\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V Obreg\u00f3nov\u011b tvorb\u011b se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed fascinace kolumbijskou p\u0159\u00edrodou a kulturou, spojoval abstraktn\u00ed a figurativn\u00ed prvky. V jeho obrazech a n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdch malb\u00e1ch, kter\u00fdmi se nejv\u00edce proslavil, se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed vulk\u00e1ny, amazonsk\u00fd prales, kondo\u0159i, ptactvo, krajina And a cel\u00e1 paleta barev, v\u010detn\u011b \u0161ed\u00fdch a tmav\u00fdch st\u00edn\u016f, nejen barevnost Karibiku.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Um\u011blec maloval pro barvu samotnou, pro samotnou lyrickou po\u0161etilost forem. \u0158ada z jeho prac\u00ed je charakteristick\u00e1 silnou politickou a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kritikou. D\u00edla jako Mrtv\u00fd student<\/em> (1957) odkazuj\u00edc\u00ed na obdob\u00ed vl\u00e1dy dikt\u00e1tora Gustava Rojase Pinilly nebo obraz N\u00e1sil\u00ed<\/em> (1962) poukazuj\u00edc\u00ed na jedno z nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00ed Kolumbie 20. stolet\u00ed jsou jasn\u00fdm d\u016fkazem. Pr\u00e1v\u011b olejomalba N\u00e1sil\u00ed<\/em> je kritiky i historiky pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jeho vrcholn\u00e9 d\u00edlo. Zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje zmrza\u010denou \u017eenu, bez pa\u017e\u00ed a bez nohy, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na zemi tak, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1sti jej\u00edho nah\u00e9ho t\u011bla se zvedaj\u00ed ve tvaru hor a odkazuj\u00ed na kolumbijskou geografii.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci poukazuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 na fakt, \u017ee d\u00edky slab\u00e9mu kulturn\u00edmu z\u00e1zem\u00ed v zemi a omezen\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci kulturn\u00edch instituc\u00ed se d\u00edlu Obreg\u00f3na i jeho sou\u010dasn\u00edk\u016f nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 dostate\u010dn\u00e9 pozornosti. Neexistuje ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ucelen\u00e1 v\u00fdstava \u010di muzeum jeho tvorby, tak\u017ee z\u00e1jemci mus\u00ed hledat jeho d\u00edla v r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch i soukrom\u00fdch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Zdroje: RevistaArcadia.com<\/a>, RadioNacional.co<\/a>, ElHeraldo.co<\/a>. Foto 1<\/a>, foto 2<\/a>\u00a0(N\u00e1sil\u00ed<\/em>),\u00a0foto 3<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Um\u011bleck\u00fd sv\u011bt si 4. \u010dervna p\u0159ipomn\u011bl v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed 100 let od narozen\u00ed slavn\u00e9ho kolumbijsko-\u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho mal\u00ed\u0159e, muralisty, socha\u0159e a rytce Alejandra Obreg\u00f3na. Byl jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed 20. stolet\u00ed v Kolumbii. V dob\u011b trvaj\u00edc\u00edch omezen\u00ed kv\u016fli koronavirov\u00e9 krizi oslavuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 kolumbijsk\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed instituce toto jubileum aspo\u0148 virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzpom\u00ednkov\u00fdmi aktivitami. Nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u00e1rodn\u00ed banka spole\u010dn\u011b s Muzeem…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,6,3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9414"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9414"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9443,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9414\/revisions\/9443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}