{"id":9954,"date":"2020-12-16T09:33:37","date_gmt":"2020-12-16T08:33:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/?p=9954"},"modified":"2020-12-29T20:52:28","modified_gmt":"2020-12-29T19:52:28","slug":"kolumbie-si-letos-pripomnela-zivot-a-dilo-manuela-zapaty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/2020\/12\/kolumbie-si-letos-pripomnela-zivot-a-dilo-manuela-zapaty\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolumbie si letos p\u0159ipomn\u011bla \u017eivot a d\u00edlo Manuela Zapaty"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"L\u00e9ka\u0159, antropolog, folklorista, ale tak\u00e9 nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spisovatel afrokolumbijsk\u00e9 literatury, takov\u00fd byl Manuel Zapata Olivella. Narodil se v b\u0159eznu p\u0159ed 100 lety, proto kolumbijsk\u00e9 Ministerstvo kultury vyhl\u00e1silo ji\u017e loni v \u0159\u00edjnu rok 2020 rokem t\u00e9to v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 osobnosti. Po cel\u00fd rok se tak v Kolumbii odehr\u00e1valy vzpom\u00ednkov\u00e9 akce s c\u00edlem p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti v\u00fdznam a odkaz kolumbijsk\u00e9ho intelektu\u00e1la a liter\u00e1ta.<\/p>\n

Ministerstvo kultury a skupina kolumbijsk\u00fdch univerzit nav\u00edc spojili s\u00edly a vytvo\u0159ili webovou str\u00e1nku v\u011bnovanou Zapatovi<\/a>. Z\u00e1jemci t\u00edm z\u00edskali snadn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k jeho d\u00edlu, v\u00fdzkum\u016fm s n\u00edm spojen\u00fdm \u010di audiovizu\u00e1ln\u00edm materi\u00e1l\u016fm v\u010detn\u011b dokumentu, kter\u00fd p\u0159ibli\u017euje jeho \u017eivot. Sn\u00edmek m\u00e1 anglick\u00e9, francouzsk\u00e9, portugalsk\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 \u010di \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 titulky a byl odvys\u00edl\u00e1n i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Na str\u00e1nce m\u016f\u017eete shl\u00e9dnout tak\u00e9 v\u00fdstavu nazvanou V\u00fdtvarn\u00ed um\u011blci a zp\u011bv africk\u00e9 diaspory<\/em>, nebo si prostudovat \u010dasopis Letras Nacionales, kter\u00fd v roce 1965 Zapata zalo\u017eil a b\u011bhem 20 let jeho existence vy\u0161lo 46 \u010d\u00edsel.<\/p>\n

Manuel Zapata poch\u00e1zel z oblasti kolumbijsk\u00e9ho Karibiku, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b ze starobyl\u00e9ho a historick\u00e9ho m\u011bste\u010dka Lorica, le\u017e\u00edc\u00edho na b\u0159ez\u00edch \u0159eky Sin\u00fa. Jedn\u00e1 se o symbolick\u00e9 m\u00edsto pro jednu z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u016fvodn\u00edch kultur \u00fazem\u00ed Kolumbie, indi\u00e1nsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod zvan\u00fd zen\u00fa. Zapatova matka byla m\u00ed\u0161enka s indi\u00e1nskou krv\u00ed, jeho otec byl afrokolumbijec a uzn\u00e1van\u00fd u\u010ditel, kter\u00fd zalo\u017eil \u0161koly a vyu\u010doval filozofii. A pr\u00e1v\u011b l\u00e1sku ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a k up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9mu hled\u00e1n\u00ed pravdy p\u0159edal sv\u00fdm d\u011btem.<\/p>\n

\"\"Kdy\u017e bylo Manuelovi dev\u011bt let, jeho rodina se p\u0159est\u011bhovala do m\u011bsta Kartagena, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b do koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dtvrti Getseman\u00ed, kde vyrostl jeho otec. Jedn\u00e1 se o m\u00edsto pln\u00e9 legend a kulturn\u00ed tvo\u0159ivosti ji\u017e od dob kolonie a tak\u00e9 o m\u00edsto protagonismu \u010dernoch\u016f a mulat\u016f p\u0159i zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed republiky. Po ukon\u010den\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly odcestoval do Bogoty, kde studoval medic\u00ednu a zah\u00e1jil jedine\u010dnou pou\u0165 po r\u016fzn\u00fdch koutech sv\u011bta. Jeho touha po pozn\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 tul\u00e1ka ho p\u0159ivedly do zem\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriky, Evropy, Afriky, Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f \u010di \u010c\u00edny. Zab\u00fdval se etnomuzikologi\u00ed, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161el na univerzit\u00e1ch a se svou sestrou D\u00e9li\u00ed zalo\u017eil spolek folkl\u00f3rn\u00edch tanc\u016f, kter\u00fd vystupoval v Kolumbii i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Zem\u0159el v roce 2004 ve v\u011bku 84 let v Bogot\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jeho odkaz se d\u00e1 jen t\u011b\u017eko zm\u011b\u0159it. Ji\u017e ve sv\u00fdch 22 letech psal pou\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, kde p\u0159edvedl svou geni\u00e1ln\u00ed intuici a neot\u0159el\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed kolumbijsk\u00e9 kultury. Napsal tak\u00e9 v\u00edce ne\u017e dvacet knih, v\u010detn\u011b rom\u00e1n\u016f, p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, divadeln\u00edch her, historick\u00fdch \u010di antropologick\u00fdch esej\u00ed. \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edm t\u00e9matem jeho tvorby je historie a kultura obyvatel kolumbijsk\u00e9ho Karibiku, \u010dernoch\u016f a inid\u00e1n\u016f, kdy zachycuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u00fatlak a n\u00e1sil\u00ed.\u00a0K jeho nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u00edl\u016fm bezpochyby pat\u0159\u00ed rom\u00e1n a epopej s n\u00e1zvem Chang\u00f3, el gran putas<\/em>, kter\u00fd je v\u00fdsledkem jeho dvacetilet\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\n

\"\"Ukazuje 500 let historie z pohledu Afri\u010dan\u016f a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed yoruba<\/em>, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edchodu africk\u00fdch otrok\u016f na americk\u00fd kontinent. Snad nikdo jin\u00fd ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle nevysv\u011btlil l\u00e9pe vliv Afri\u010dan\u016f, indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch komunit i mestic\u016f p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed kolumbijsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda ve v\u0161ech mo\u017en\u00fdch aspektech. Pouk\u00e1zal na jejich p\u0159\u00ednos v oblasti produktivn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed, kulturn\u00edch vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed jako gastronomie, um\u011bn\u00ed \u010di sport, ale tak\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci spiritu\u00e1ln\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Zapata se nav\u00edc zaslou\u017eil i o \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tohoto kulturn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f jak v zemi, tak v cizin\u011b. Nau\u010dil Kolumbijce oce\u0148ovat rozmanitost zdej\u0161\u00edch hudebn\u00edch rytm\u016f i tanc\u016f. Cel\u00fd \u017eivot tak\u00e9 s velk\u00fdm nad\u0161en\u00edm a optimismem bojoval proti soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nespravedlnosti, a zejm\u00e9na proti rasismu zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9mu v\u016f\u010di \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9mu a indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu obyvatelstvu.<\/p>\n

Zdroje: Zapataolivella.Univalle.edu.co<\/a>, RevistaArcadia.com-1<\/a>, RevistaArcadia.com-2<\/a>. Foto 1<\/a>, foto 2<\/a>, foto 3<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00e9ka\u0159, antropolog, folklorista, ale tak\u00e9 nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spisovatel afrokolumbijsk\u00e9 literatury, takov\u00fd byl Manuel Zapata Olivella. Narodil se v b\u0159eznu p\u0159ed 100 lety, proto kolumbijsk\u00e9 Ministerstvo kultury vyhl\u00e1silo ji\u017e loni v \u0159\u00edjnu rok 2020 rokem t\u00e9to v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 osobnosti. Po cel\u00fd rok se tak v Kolumbii odehr\u00e1valy vzpom\u00ednkov\u00e9 akce s c\u00edlem p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti v\u00fdznam a odkaz kolumbijsk\u00e9ho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,6,3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9954"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9954"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9954\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9968,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9954\/revisions\/9968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asocheca.org\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}